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Invasive Exotic Plants in Florida

Exotic Plants, Page - 1 2 3

Plants on this page - Australian Pine, Bowstring Hemp, Caesarweed, Lead Tree, Rattle Box, Sea Hibiscus, Natal Plum, Strawberry Guava, Two-leafed Nightshade, Papaya

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Bowstring Hemp, Snake Plant - Sansevieria hyacinthoides

Family - Agavaceae

Native to Africa. Perennial herbaceous category 2 plant with waxy, mottled leaves. Height to about 3 feet. Dry to moist sites, primarily on and around old home sites. This plant is one of over fifty species of Sansevieria and forms large dense patches spreading from rhizomes. Native to Africa. As the name implies fibers from the leaves have been and are used to make string and rope.

Caesarweed - Urena lobata

Category 2 Invasive

Family - Malvaceae, (Hibiscus family)

Description - Perennial, Subshrub. Height 3-4 feet, small pink flower, seeds are a burr. Widespread in various Florida habitats this exotic plant forms thickets.

Lead Tree, Jumbie Bean - Leucaena leucocephala

Category 2 exotic plant

Family - Fabaceae

Habitat - West Indies, escapes from cultivation.

Description - Shrub or small tree to about 30 feet. Leaves alternate, bipinnately compound up to a foot long, each with 10 - 20 pairs of opposite, oblong leaflets.

Flower - Clusters of white/creamy white puffball, 3/4 inch in diameter. Fruit is a flattened reddish-brown or brown pod.

Rattle Box, Spanish Gold - Sesbania punicea

Category 2 Exotic plant

Family - Fabaceae

Description - Small tree reaching 6-8 feet often forming dense thickets. Leaf is alternate, compound, 5-7 inches long with 7-16 pairs of 1 inch elliptical leaflets.

Flower- Orange-red pea-like flowers in hanging clusters spring through early summer. Fruit is a brown legume ending in a sharp point, 3 to 4 inches long with 4 conspicuous longitudinal wings.

Sea Hibiscus, Mahoe - Hibiscus tiliaceus L.

Family - Malvaceae

Habitat - Ruderal, coastal areas, roadsides

Description - Not native, category 2 exotic plant. Large shrub, small tree to 25 feet in height with a spreading habit of growth. Leaves are alternate, broadly cordate with pubescent lower surface.

Flower - Hibiscus type flower, yellow at opening, turning reddish-orange by days end.

Natal Plum - Carissa macrocarpa

Family - Apocynaceae

Habitat - Escapes from cultivation, dry sandy soils

Description - Introduced shrub to 20 feet tall is widely cultivated, several hybrids produced. Dark green leaves are 2-3 inches long, opposite, ovate and have a glossy upper surface. Branches have 'Y' shaped spines to 3 inches long.

Flower - Fragrant 2 inch white flowers have 5 overlapped petals with a waxy look. Fruit is a red berry about 2 inches long.

Strawberry Guava - Psidium cattleianum Sabine

Family - Myrtaceae

Habitat - Escapes from cultivation into wet areas.

Description - Category I invasive plant. Small tree or large shrub to 25 feet tall, grey to reddish-brown peeling bark, leaves are opposite with entire margins, elliptic to oblong shaped to 3 inches long.

Flower - Single white flowers produced from leaf axils, are just over 1 inch wide with many white and yellow stamens. Fruit is a purplish-red globose berry to about 2 1/2 inches long containing many seeds.

Two-leafed Nightshade - Solanum diphyllum

Family - Solanaceae

Habitat - Ruderal, escapes from cultivation. Rare

Description - Category 2 exotic plant. Up to 6 feet in height, leaves in pairs with 1 leaf larger, deep green, smooth, 1-3 inches long

Flower - Clusters of white flowers with yellow antlers - similar to the Black Nightshade plant, fruit is a 1/2 inch round, hard berry, yellow to orange in color.

Papaya - Carica papaya

Family - Acanthaceae

Description - Introduced. Erect, un-branched soft trunk 6-20 feet (average 10') with umbrella like canopy of deeply palmate 7 lobed leaves borne on 24" long petioles. Bark is green to light brown.

Flower- Yellow, trumpet shaped, 2 inches. Fruit 3 1/2 inch, round to pear shaped.

Habitat - Hammocks, shell mounds, primarily near the coast.

Bottom photo of infestation by Amy Ferriter
South Florida Water Management District, Bugwood.org

Australian Pine, She-oak, Beefwood

Family - Casuarinaceae

Description - Introduced to Florida in the 1800's, the Australian pine is listed as a category 1 invasive plant and is illegal to plant in many parts of Florida.

Widely used as a landscape tree it is now a common sight in south Florida, particularly on beach dunes and the shorelines of brackish and fresh waterways. Australian pine is not a pine at all and the "needles" are actually segmented branchlets - the leaves are very tiny, scale-like and are produced in whorls at the joints of these branchlets. Forms dense monocultures crowding out native plants, like some other exotic plants it also produces allelopathic compounds which prevent other plants from growing.

Exotics Plants, Page - 1 2 3

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